TY - JOUR
T1 - Centella asiatica modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's)
AU - Naidoo, Dhaneshree Bestinee
AU - Chuturgoon, Anil Amichund
AU - Phulukdaree, Alisa
AU - Guruprasad, Kanive Parashiva
AU - Satyamoorthy, Kapaettu
AU - Sewram, Vikash
N1 - Funding Information:
Sources of funding included the National Research Foundation, the South African Medical Research Council and Department of Science and Technology, India and Manipal University, India. The funding sources were not involved in study design, collection of samples, analysis of data, interpretation of data, writing of the report and decision to publish. Scientific out-put is a requirement of the National Research Foundation.
Funding Information:
We are grateful to the National Research Foundation, the South African Medical Research Council, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and Manipal University, India for financial support to conduct experimentation. The authors also acknowledge Miss Tarylee Reddy for assistance with statistical analysis of data.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Author(s).
PY - 2017/8/1
Y1 - 2017/8/1
N2 - Background: Cancer cachexia is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour potential. We investigated the modulation of antioxidants, cytokines and cell death by C. asiatica ethanolic leaf extract (CLE) in leukaemic THP-1 cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's). Methods: Cytotoxcity of CLE was determined at 24 and 72 h (h). Oxidant scavenging activity of CLE was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Glutathione (GSH) levels, caspase (-8, -9, -3/7) activities and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels (Luminometry) were then assayed. The levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10 were also assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results: CLE decreased PBMC viability between 33.25-74.55% (24 h: 0.2-0.8 mg/ml CLE and 72 h: 0.4-0.8 mg/ml CLE) and THP-1 viability by 28.404% (72 h: 0.8 mg/ml CLE) (p < 0.0001). Oxidant scavenging activity was increased by CLE (0.05-0.8 mg/ml) (p < 0.0001). PBMC TNF-α and IL-10 levels were decreased by CLE (0.05-0.8 mg/ml) (p < 0.0001). However, PBMC IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations were increased at 0.05-0.2 mg/ml CLE but decreased at 0.4 mg/ml CLE (p < 0.0001). In THP-1 cells, CLE (0.2-0.8 mg/ml) decreased IL-1β and IL-6 whereas increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.0001). In both cell lines, CLE (0.05-0.2 mg/ml, 24 and 72 h) increased GSH concentrations (p < 0.0001). At 24 h, caspase (-9, -3/7) activities was increased by CLE (0.05-0.8 mg/ml) in PBMC's whereas decreased by CLE (0.2-0.4 mg/ml) in THP-1 cells (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, CLE (0.05-0.8 mg/ml) decreased caspase (-9, -3/7) activities and ATP levels in both cell lines (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In PBMC's and THP-1 cells, CLE proved to effectively modulate antioxidant activity, inflammatory cytokines and cell death. In THP-1 cells, CLE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels whereas it increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels which may alleviate cancer cachexia.
AB - Background: Cancer cachexia is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour potential. We investigated the modulation of antioxidants, cytokines and cell death by C. asiatica ethanolic leaf extract (CLE) in leukaemic THP-1 cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's). Methods: Cytotoxcity of CLE was determined at 24 and 72 h (h). Oxidant scavenging activity of CLE was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Glutathione (GSH) levels, caspase (-8, -9, -3/7) activities and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels (Luminometry) were then assayed. The levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10 were also assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results: CLE decreased PBMC viability between 33.25-74.55% (24 h: 0.2-0.8 mg/ml CLE and 72 h: 0.4-0.8 mg/ml CLE) and THP-1 viability by 28.404% (72 h: 0.8 mg/ml CLE) (p < 0.0001). Oxidant scavenging activity was increased by CLE (0.05-0.8 mg/ml) (p < 0.0001). PBMC TNF-α and IL-10 levels were decreased by CLE (0.05-0.8 mg/ml) (p < 0.0001). However, PBMC IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations were increased at 0.05-0.2 mg/ml CLE but decreased at 0.4 mg/ml CLE (p < 0.0001). In THP-1 cells, CLE (0.2-0.8 mg/ml) decreased IL-1β and IL-6 whereas increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.0001). In both cell lines, CLE (0.05-0.2 mg/ml, 24 and 72 h) increased GSH concentrations (p < 0.0001). At 24 h, caspase (-9, -3/7) activities was increased by CLE (0.05-0.8 mg/ml) in PBMC's whereas decreased by CLE (0.2-0.4 mg/ml) in THP-1 cells (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, CLE (0.05-0.8 mg/ml) decreased caspase (-9, -3/7) activities and ATP levels in both cell lines (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In PBMC's and THP-1 cells, CLE proved to effectively modulate antioxidant activity, inflammatory cytokines and cell death. In THP-1 cells, CLE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels whereas it increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels which may alleviate cancer cachexia.
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U2 - 10.1186/s12906-017-1865-2
DO - 10.1186/s12906-017-1865-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 28764778
AN - SCOPUS:85026520914
SN - 1472-6882
VL - 17
JO - BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
JF - BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - 377
ER -
