Mutations in FGFR3 gene associated with maxillary retrognathism

Context: Understanding the role of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) in the regulation of bone development and disease will ultimately lead to better prevention and treatment of related bone deformities and disorders. Aims: To evaluate the role of gene FGFR3 in individuals with retrognathic maxilla by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique at molecular level and evaluate the significance of the same. Settings and Design: Hospital based fundamental research involving individuals having maxillary retrognathism. Methodology: A total of 62 individuals (30M and32F) who were willing to take part in the study were selected from cephalometric measurements of N I A and the length PNS to ANS. The institution based basic genetic research study involved collection of fresh blood samples, DNA extraction, PCR analysis, and amplification using the specifically designed forward and reverse primers for targeting the commonly occurring mutations in FGFR3 gene. Further the products were sequenced to evaluate the presence of any novel mutations. Results: The targeted single-nucleotide polymorphisms, at position 1138 in exon 10 of the FGFR3 gene were not identified in the analyzed blood samples. The detailed sequencing of full gene revealed the presence of 2 novel mutations, Exon 3: A213G and Exon 3: A223A/G in one individual. Conclusions: The present study indicated 2 novel mutations in gene FGFR3 in individual with maxillary retrognathism. The genetic-environmental interactions might have played a significant role in the expression of retrognathic maxilla.